Hemicell™ HT is a source of β-mannanase, an energy-sparing enzyme that hydrolyzes β-mannans, avoiding the inflammatory reaction ( 10). This may reduce growth performance once β-mannans are associated with increased intestinal viscosity and decreased nutrient digestibility, following an inflammatory process initiated in response to the β-mannans presence ( 7– 9). Nonetheless, pigs and poultry lack some enzymes, such as β-mannanase, to completely digest β-mannans commonly present in a great variety of feedstuffs, including soybean, corn DDG, sunflower, copra, and palm kernel meal-based diets. The use of exogenous enzymes has been highlighted as a promising alternative to mitigate the environmental impacts of livestock ( 5, 6). These results support the hypothesis that novel feeding strategies could be used as eco-friendly strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of pig and poultry production. Regardless of the exact amount of impact attributed to feeding, practically all studies indicated feeding as the most important environmental impact source. In their review, the relative participation of feed production in the overall greenhouse gas emissions varied from 31 to 76% or 28 to 82% for the pig and poultry databases, respectively ( 4). ( 4) on the use of life cycle analysis confirmed the importance of feeding processes as the largest source of environmental impact associated with pig and poultry production. A systematic review recently developed by Andretta et al. Pig and poultry feeding programs require a huge amount of feed resources, with several studies indicating feeding as a major source of environmental impact ( 1– 3). These results suggest that β-mannanase supplementation is an eco-friendly feed strategy to reduce the environmental impacts of pig and poultry feeding programs. Consequently, the potential impacts of climate change and eutrophication associated with producing feeds for pigs and broilers were substantially mitigated. Overall, β-mannanase supplementation reduced the amount of soybean oil in feed formulas, which is associated with high environmental impacts. On the other hand, the effect of using β-mannanase on the acidification impact was not consistent among feeds/species. For broiler feeds, these impacts were mitigated up to 5.6 and 1.1% (45 kcal of ME/kg of feed), respectively. For pig feeds, β-mannanase supplementation mitigated both climate change and eutrophication impacts up to 8.5 and 1.4% (45 kcal of ME/kg of feed) or up to 16.2 and 2.7% (90 kcal of ME/kg of feed) compared to control diets formulated without the enzyme. The production of 1 kg of β-mannanase was associated with the emission of 1,800 g of CO 2-eq, 4.53 g of PO 4-eq, and 7.89 g of SO 2-eq. The least-cost formulation method was used based on real price averages practiced in a local industry over 12 months. A total of 28 feeds were formulated based on the nutritional requirements and feeding programs described in the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine. Energy savings through β-mannanase supplementation were assessed by different metabolizable energy (ME) matrices (45 or 90 kcal of ME/kg of feed) during diet formulation in different grain production scenarios (Southern and/or Central-West origin). Climate change, eutrophication, and acidification were the chosen environmental impact categories. The functional units used were the production of 1 kg of the enzyme and 1 kg of feed at a feed mill gate located in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Life-cycle assessment standards were applied to simulate a cradle-to-feed mill gate scope. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential environmental impacts of producing feeds for pigs and broilers by simulating the effects of β-mannanase Hemicell™ HT supplementation through energy savings during diet formulation. Little is still known about the environmental impacts of exogenous enzyme supplementation in pig and poultry feeding programs.
4Elanco Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil.3Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.2Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.1Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Galli 1, Juliano Vittori 4 and Marcos Kipper 4 Hickmann 1, Ines Andretta 1 *, Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy 2, Aline Remus 3, Gabriela M.
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